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High harmonic generation : ウィキペディア英語版
High harmonic generation
High harmonic generation (HHG)is a non-linear process during which a target (gas, plasma or solid sample) is illuminated by an intense laser pulse. Under such conditions, the sample will emit the high harmonics of the generation beam (above the fifth harmonics). Due to the coherent nature of the process, high harmonics generation is a prerequisite of attophysics.
== Perturbative harmonic generation ==
Perturbative harmonic generation is a process whereby laser light of frequency ''ω'' and photon energy ''ħω'' can be used to generate new frequencies of light. The newly generated frequencies are integer multiples ''nω'' of the original light's frequency. This process was first discovered in 1961 by
Franken et al.,〔P. A. Franken, A. E. Hill, C. W. Peters, and G. Weinreich, Phys. Rev. Lett.
7, 118 (1961).〕 using a ruby laser, with crystalline quartz as the nonlinear medium.
Harmonic generation in dielectric solids is well understood and
extensively used in modern laser physics (see second harmonic generation). In 1967 New et al. observed the first third harmonic
generation in a gas. In monatomic gases it is only
possible to produce odd numbered harmonics for reasons of
symmetry. Harmonic generation in the perturbative (weak field)
regime is characterised by rapidly decreasing efficiency with
increasing harmonic order.〔J. Wildenauer, Journal of Applied Physics 62, 41 (1987).〕 This behaviour can be
understood by considering an atom absorbing ''n'' photons
then emitting a single high energy photon. The probability of
absorbing ''n'' photons decreases as ''n'' increases, explaining the rapid
decrease in the initial harmonic intensities. Nevertheless, harmonics up to the 11th order have
been observed under these conditions.

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